Of the 190 countries around the world, 150 or 79% are classified as developing countries. Perhaps the most difficult challenges faced by these countries are the damages caused by war and natural disasters. In recent years, Asia has been hardest hit by natural catastrophes, and the international community has rendered great assistance for victims in this area. If appropriate emergency relief and reconstruction efforts are not directed to ease their plight, the road toward sustainable development will become much more challenging and distant for developing countries. Emergency relief strives to resolve these challenges and provide the basis for future reconstruction assistance. Disaster relief can be divided into humanitarian aid and long-term reconstruction assistance. Humanitarian aid provides immediate relief to refugees and the victims of natural disasters and war by dispatching medical personnel and supplying emergency relief goods. Long-term reconstruction assistance aims to stabilize food supplies, repair and reconstruct health and education facilities, rebuild economic and social infrastructure, and facilitate industrial rehabilitation over an extended period of time. Prior to the tsunami disaster in South Asia in December 2004, KOICA¡¯s disaster relief and reconstruction projects had been carried out in a sporadic and uncoordinated manner. However, KOICA¡¯s relief activities changed drastically after this disaster. KOICA expanded the division dealing with emergency relief, and strengthened cooperation to rehabilitate and rebuild disaster-hit areas. Emergency relief assistance should be carried out swiftly and under close cooperation with international organizations and the affected countries. Emergency relief and reconstruction has become one of KOICA's core assistance programs, and its functions include emergency relief, refugee relief, reconstruction assistance, and emergency disaster relief. The overseas emergency relief system, specific emergency relief cases, disaster relief and post-war reconstruction efforts are as follows:

Major Emergency Relief and Reconstruction Assistance

Size of Damage Scope of Assistance Deaths and Casualties Displaced Damage Emergency Relief Emergency Assistance Reconstruction Earthquake in Iran(December 2003) 41,000 deaths     -24 emergency Rescuers -16 reconstruction workers -$400,000 in cash -$50,000 for sending rescue team -$0.75million for house construction South Asia Tsunami(December 2004) 230,000 deaths 5million $10.73billion -31 emergency rescuers -32 medical staff -34 member facilities recovery team -96 volunteers -$2million in cash -$500,000 for sending rescue team -$2million in kind -$500,000 for NGO support -$34.35million in bilateral assistance -$6million in multilateral assistance -$4.65million for NGO and other support Earthquake in Pakistan(October 2005) 73,000 deaths 67,000 wounded 280,000 $4-5billion -4 pilot members -12 rescuers -10 medical staff -39 emergency workers including 2 fire fighters -$500,000 in cash -$200,000 for sending rescue team -$500,000 in kind -$450,000 for multilateral assistance -$300,000 for NGO support $2.05million Landslide in the Philippines(February 2006) deaths1,700 mission 6,697 evacuated     -$500,000 in cash -$100,000 in kind $400,000 Earthquake in Indonesia(May 2006) 6,217 deaths 18,372 wounded 151,068 houses destroyed $3billion 19 emergency relief workers -$500,000 in cash -$100,000 for sending rescue team -$400,000 in kind $1million Cyclone Nargis in Myanma(May 2008) 430,000 deaths 270,000 wounded 1,600,000 displaced 450,000 houes destroyed $4 billion 30 emergency relief workers -$500,000 in cash -$307,000 for sending rescue team -$1,693,000 in kind   Earthquake in China(May 2008) 150,000 deaths 240,000 wounded 5,000,000 displaced 3,130,000 houses destroyed $1 billion 44 emergency relief workers -$500,000 in cash -$260,000 for sending rescue team -$1,180,000 in kind

Major Performance in 2008

(1) Budget

Activities in Emergency Relief and Reconstruction (Unit: US$ in Thousands)

Country Amount Details Emergency disater relief Guatemala 50 Flood disaster relief in Guatemala Georgia 100 dissension damage assistance in Georgia through WFP Nepal 30 Flood disaster relief in Nepal Laos 30 Flood disaster relief in Laos Madagascar 100.6 Typhoon relief in Madagascar Mongol 20 Heavy snowfall relief in Mongol Myanmar 2500 Cyclone(Nargis) relief in Myanmar Vietnam 50 Typhoon relief in Vietnam Bolivia 50 Flood disaster relief in Bolivia Somalia 100 A civil war damage assistance in Somalia Haiti 50 Hurricane relief in Haiti Ecuador 50 Volcano disaster and Heavy snowfall relief in Ecuador 50 Heavy rain damage relief in Ecuador Ethiopia 200 Drought damage assistance in Ethiopia Yemen 80 Flood disaster relief in Yemen Honduras 22 Flood disaster relief in Honduras Ukraine 50 Flood disaster relief in Ukraine Zambia 80 Flood disaster relief in Zambia China 100 Heavy snowfall relief in China 5000 Earthquake relief in China Kenya 300 Unrest damage assistance in Kenya through WFP, OCHA, UNICEF Cote D'Ivoire (Lvory Coast) 200 A civil war damage Reconstruction in Cote D'Ivoire through UNDP Congo 150 A civil war damage assistance in Congo Kyrgyzstan 20 Earthquake relief in Kyrgyzstan 57 Earthquake relief in Kyrgyzstan Tadzhikistan 100 Cold-weather damage assistance in Tadzhikistan Panama 50 Flood disaster relief in Panama Paraguay 100 Yellow fever relief in Paraguay 50 Drought damage assistance in Paraguay Pakistan 100 Earthquake relief in Pakistan Fiji 50 Cyclone relief in Fiji Philippines 300 Typhoon relief in Philippines Cuba 100 Hurricane relief in Cuba Total 10289.6 Reconstruction activities Afghanistan (PRT) 2797 Project for Medical Assistance in Parwan Province Total 2797

Sectors of Disaster Relief and Reconstruction (Unit: US$ in Thousands)

Total Education Health Governance Rural Develop ment ICT Industry & Energy Environment & Others Disaster Relief & Reconstru ction Amount 69,846 5,081 6,643 24,687 106 5,379 10,165 683 17,102 Percentage (%) 100 7.2 9.5 35.3 0.2 7.7 14.6 1 24.5

Types of Assistance for Disaster Relief & Reconstruction (Unit: US$ in Thousands)

Type of Assistance Amount Percentage(%) Remarks Training 4,749 6.8 53 training for two countries Dispatch of experts 78 0.1 Two experts of IT and Economy to Afghanistan Development studies 81 0.1 Design of a Roundabout Road in Arbil Aid in Kind 26,903 38 Support to three countries Infrastructure support 31,815 46 26 projects in 8 countries  Partnerships with NGOs 1,313 2 13 projects in 3 countries Emergency relief 4,907 7 16 projects for 15 countries and one international organization Total 69,846 100